The Gradle property emi_version should be something like 1.0.0+1.19.4 with EMI's version and Minecraft's version. Here are common dependency setups for different loaders and build systems. For Forge Gradle users, you will need to enable Mixin refmaps in your client sourceset. This can be done by adding 2 lines inside of your client runs, to ...Feb 11, 2023 · Manufacturers and sellers lure buyers with low EMI payments and buyers fall into the trap without understanding the interest rate for such loans. Given the loan amount (i.e., item price), EMI and tenure, this calculator helps you estimate the interest rate on such loans. Services. EMI Canada is a non-profit Christian development organization mobilizing Canadian architects, engineers, surveyors, and construction managers. We use our skills to serve people worldwide through the design of hospitals, schools, water systems, and many other facilities. Together, we are designing a world of hope.Emi Sakura, who uses an instrumental version as her own theme song and has Freddie Mercury-inspired elements for her gimmick, shared a video of herself crying as Saraya made her entrance at Wembley. Sakura wrote in the caption, “NEVER AGAIN.”. This caused Saraya to post a photo of herself giving the finger to Sakura. She wrote,Como afiliado a emi puedes solicitar atención médica 24/7 para cuidar tu salud y la de toda tu familia. Radiated EMI can be divided into two categories: narrowband and broadband interference. Narrowband EMI only affects a specific radio frequency and is commonly from a radio transmitter. Broadband EMI affects a large portion of the radio spectrum at many frequencies and is commonly caused by malfunctioning equipment. Conducted EMILoan Type. Monthly Income. Loan Term (years) Interest Rate (%) Calculate. You could borrow up to Rs. 0. Your monthly repayment Rs. 0.The terms Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are often used interchangeably when referring to the regulatory testing of electronic components and consumer goods. Because they are related in many ways, it’s easy to confuse the two. In this article, we attempt to demystify EMI and EMC, and to provide a ...EOAT (End of Arm Tooling) Framing. We have combined Gimatic, >ASS<, Senvex, and 80/20 framing hardware into one easy-to-use section. Find over 600 EOAT framing profiles, hardware, and accessories, from connectors, clamps, arms, to profile, and hardware! Extruded Aluminum Profile. 1794-Training Opportunity-K0428 EMI FY24 CERT TTT (6/16/2023) 1798-Training Opportunity-K0418 Mass Care Emergency Assistance Planning and Operations Course-Virtual (6/15/2023) 1792-Training Opportunity-MEPP Overview Application Process FY24 (6/1/2023) 1791-Training Opportunity-Basic Academy Lakewood CO (5/31/2023) The terms Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are often used interchangeably when referring to the regulatory testing of electronic components and consumer goods. Because they are related in many ways, it’s easy to confuse the two. In this article, we attempt to demystify EMI and EMC, and to provide a ...As a member of EMI Health, you may speak with a Recuro Health physician licensed in your state for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment (including prescriptions if appropriate) for many common conditions. Simply call a Patient Care Coordinator at (877) 872-0370 . Lyra makes it easier to find and receive confidential, personalized mental health ...Jul 27, 2023 · You can calculate EMI for home loan, car loan, personal loan, education loan or any other fully amortizing loan using this calculator. Enter the following information in the EMI Calculator: Principal loan amount you wish to avail (rupees) Loan term (months or years) Rate of interest (percentage) EMI in arrears OR EMI in advance (for car loan only) Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is unwanted noise or interference in an electrical path or circuit caused by an outside source. It is also known as radio frequency interference. EMI can cause electronics to operate poorly, malfunction or stop working completely. EMI can be caused by natural or human-made sources.EMI - Programs. Beginning January 1, 2019, the Emergency Management Institute (EMI) Superintendent will no longer sign Advanced Professional Series (APS) certificates. The APS program, which utilizes EMI developed courses, will continue to do so, and EMI will continue to maintain the courses; however, the responsibility for issuing the APS ...Using our Home Loan EMI Calculator, you can calculate how much monthly and total expenditure you really incur by purchasing a home using your bank home loan. Home Loan Details includes single premium loan insurance and processing fees. Home Value is the actual price of the home you purchased (i.e., sale deed value).Aug 23, 2023 · EMI provides training to Federal, state, local, tribal, volunteer, public, and private sector officials to strengthen emergency management core competencies for professional, career-long training. EMI trains more than two million students annually. Instruction incorporates the principles of emergency management through instructional systems ... EMI or equated monthly installment, as the name suggests, is one part of the equally divided monthly outgoes to clear off an outstanding loan within a stipulated time frame. Description: The EMI is dependent on multiple factors, such as: 1) Principal borrowed 2) Rate of interest 3) Tenure of the loan 4) Monthly/annual resting period For a ... Common Mode EMI – A high-frequency EMI that flows in the same direction through one or more conductors. Differential Mode EMI – A low-frequency EMI that flows in an opposite direction though adjacent wires. Radiated EMI – The most common type of EMI, caused by radiating electromagnetic fields. Common manifestations of radiated EMI include ...At EMI, we believe in redefining the way you experience content. Our channel is dedicated to delivering top-notch videos with a unique and captivating presentation that keeps us ahead in the ...Matthew Rowell. In a nutshell, the EMI option scheme is the most tax-efficient way to grant options to your employees. The EMI, which stands for Enterprise Management Incentive, is a share option scheme backed by HMRC in the UK. It’s designed for employees or directors who work for over 25 hours per week or over 75% of their working hours.EMI vs EMC. As we know EMI stands for Electromagnetic Interference and EMC stands for Electromagnetic compatibility. Both have become very vital for product development companies across the world. Electronic products and equipments developed by companies should meet EMI/EMC limits finalized by standard bodies before the products are actually ...Oct 24, 2019 · EMI - Programs. Beginning January 1, 2019, the Emergency Management Institute (EMI) Superintendent will no longer sign Advanced Professional Series (APS) certificates. The APS program, which utilizes EMI developed courses, will continue to do so, and EMI will continue to maintain the courses; however, the responsibility for issuing the APS ... Sep 29, 2022 · EMI stands for Elderly Mentally Infirm. This refers to care home residents with advanced Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia. These residents require 24/7 care and support as a result of long-term dementia-related symptoms, including wandering, confusion, hallucinations and unpredictable behaviour. The term ‘EMI’ is a little outdated. Example of Reducing Balance EMI. Let’s keep the same example for calculating the EMI using the reducing balance method. ((₹10, 00,000 x (0.08)) x (1 + (0.08 / 12)) 120) / (12 x (1 + (0.08/12)) 120 – 1). The EMI amount is ₹12,133. Note: The EMI amount in reducing balance is lower than in the flat rate method. In the EMI flat rate ...Mar 1, 2010 · Mar 1, 2010. #2. Hiya. The trouble is, different names ate used in different areas of the country, so you really need to look up all possible combinations when you are looking for a care home. In our area EMI is used for a separate dementia unit attached to a care home. It's for people with more advanced dementia who have behavioural problems ... Equated Monthly Installment - EMI: An equated monthly installment (EMI) is a fixed payment amount made by a borrower to a lender at a specified date each calendar month. Equated monthly ...2023.08.15 00:00 Tovább... Május 25-én került megrendezésre az ÉMI Szentendrei Tudományos és Technológiai Ipari Parkjában a ConstructSkills4LIFE projekt szakmai konferenciája. A megfelelő számú és képességgel rendelkező építőipari szakemberek megléte elengedhetetlen a 2030-as, valamint 2050-es épületenergetikai és ... EMI is an electromagnetic disturbance, where energy is transmitted through radiation/conduction from one electronic device to another and corrupts the signal quality causing malfunctioning. EMI focuses on the testing requirements and interference between the neighboring equipment. It can occur in any frequency range, say anything more than DC.welcome to my channel!hope my videos can help you live a healthier, happier life, and reach any goals you put your mind into read more about me: https://www.... EMI Student Portal. The Student Self-Service Portal allows you to print or download Independent Study (IS) Completion Certificates, Student IS Transcripts (for personal or employer use) and Official IS Transcripts (for educational institutions only). Before you contact the EMI Independent Study Office for issues logging into the Student Self ... Aug 14, 2023 · Since 1994, the Higher Education Program has helped foster growth in the academic community to include college and university-based programs in emergency management, homeland security, and related fields. For more information go to The College List. If you have questions, please contact the FEMA Higher Education Program at [email protected]. Apr 11, 2022 · Phone: (301) 447 - 1035. Fax: (301) 447 - 1658. Email: [email protected]. NETC staff will review the applications and notify applicants regarding their status as noted above. EMI will post any remaining vacancies on the EMI Web site and interested personnel may continue to apply. EMI will fill vacancies on a first-come, first-served ... Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a phenomenon that may occur when an electronic device is exposed to an electromagnetic (EM) field. Any device that has electronic circuitry can be susceptible to EMI. With the ever-increasing use of the electromagnetic spectrum and the more complex and sophisticated electronic devices, issues of EMI are ...EMI - Programs. Beginning January 1, 2019, the Emergency Management Institute (EMI) Superintendent will no longer sign Advanced Professional Series (APS) certificates. The APS program, which utilizes EMI developed courses, will continue to do so, and EMI will continue to maintain the courses; however, the responsibility for issuing the APS ...At EMI, we have used our considerable industry experience to engineer a wide variety of general-purpose robotic arm grippers designed to aid in plastics applications. All Gimatic General Purpose grippers are self-centering. Parallel grippers and angular grippers are available in double acting, normally open, and normally closed configurations.Forms, FAQs, and articles to give you what you need to sell EMI Health plans. Find a Provider. Search for in-network medical, dental, and vision providers. The Gradle property emi_version should be something like 1.0.0+1.19.4 with EMI's version and Minecraft's version. Here are common dependency setups for different loaders and build systems. For Forge Gradle users, you will need to enable Mixin refmaps in your client sourceset. This can be done by adding 2 lines inside of your client runs, to ...The terms Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are often used interchangeably when referring to the regulatory testing of electronic components and consumer goods. Because they are related in many ways, it’s easy to confuse the two. In this article, we attempt to demystify EMI and EMC, and to provide a ...4 hours ago · Emi Sakura, who uses an instrumental version as her own theme song and has Freddie Mercury-inspired elements for her gimmick, shared a video of herself crying as Saraya made her entrance at Wembley. Sakura wrote in the caption, “NEVER AGAIN.”. This caused Saraya to post a photo of herself giving the finger to Sakura. She wrote, About EMI USA. Engineering Ministries International is a Christian ministry based in Colorado Springs, USA, founded on the idea that architects, engineers, and other design professionals have an important part to play in world missions. Our team of staff, interns, and volunteers travel to support Christian charities and the communities they ...Create Home Loan EMI Calculator in Excel Sheet with Prepayment Option. 2. Manually Calculate EMI. If you know the formula to calculate EMI, you can calculate it without using the EMI function. The formula to calculate EMI is: EMI = (P X R/12) X [ (1+R/12) ^N] / [ (1+R/12) ^N-1] Here, P = Principal Amount.Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a phenomenon that may occur when an electronic device is exposed to an electromagnetic (EM) field. Any device that has electronic circuitry can be susceptible to EMI. With the ever-increasing use of the electromagnetic spectrum and the more complex and sophisticated electronic devices, issues of EMI are ...Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is unwanted noise or interference in an electrical path or circuit caused by an outside source. It is also known as radio frequency interference. EMI can cause electronics to operate poorly, malfunction or stop working completely. EMI can be caused by natural or human-made sources. The formula to determine loan EMI amount. There is a specific formula that Groww uses to compute the EMI amount for a loan. EMI = [P x R x (1+R) ^N]/ [ (1+R) ^ (N-1)], where –. P is the principal amount. R is the rate of interest. N is the loan tenure. This is the standardized formula used by any online loan calculator.Jan 31, 2022 · To learn what an EMI is, we have to first consider what e-money actually is. E-money is a digital alternative to cash. E-money allows its holder to make cashless payments via money stored on a phone, prepaid card, or online account. As a result, an EMI is a type of financial institution which is authorized to issue and manage e-money on behalf ... Industrial Conveyors and Automation Systems. The engineers at EMI manufacture custom heavy-duty industrial conveyors to ensure that they expertly accommodate the needs your facility. Every EMI conveyor comes standard with Direct drive power package, Double V-Guide belt, and a three year warranty. Our standard industrial conveyor belts come in ...See full list on makeuseof.com Electromagnetic interference ( EMI ), also called radio-frequency interference ( RFI) when in the radio frequency spectrum, is a disturbance generated by an external source that affects an electrical circuit by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction. [1] The disturbance may degrade the performance of the circuit or ...4 hours ago · Emi Sakura, who uses an instrumental version as her own theme song and has Freddie Mercury-inspired elements for her gimmick, shared a video of herself crying as Saraya made her entrance at Wembley. Sakura wrote in the caption, “NEVER AGAIN.”. This caused Saraya to post a photo of herself giving the finger to Sakura. She wrote, EMI Courses & Schedules. To take an EMI course, applicants must meet the selection criteria and prerequisites specified for each course. Participants may not take the same course more than once. Enrollment in EMI courses is generally limited to U.S. residents, however, each year a limited number of international participants are accommodated.“The Response Officer Specialty Competency Contingency Preparedness Specialist (OAR-18) requires the completion of EMI training courses to obtain the Apprentice, Journeyman and Master level certification.” “– Apprentice level requires Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) (K/L0146), IS-230, IS-235, and IS-453” Injection Molding Supplies. When it comes to developing the technology and equipment necessary to produce injection molded parts with new materials, EMI has the experience and expertise you need to stay one step ahead. Online Interactive Catalog | Download the full catalog.EMI is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms. EMI - What does EMI stand for? The Free Dictionary. https://acronyms ... The terms Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are often used interchangeably when referring to the regulatory testing of electronic components and consumer goods. Because they are related in many ways, it’s easy to confuse the two. In this article, we attempt to demystify EMI and EMC, and to provide a ...Since 1994, the Higher Education Program has helped foster growth in the academic community to include college and university-based programs in emergency management, homeland security, and related fields. For more information go to The College List. If you have questions, please contact the FEMA Higher Education Program at [email protected] recently hosted the 2023 National Preparedness Symposium. More than 250 emergency management training, exercise, and planning officials from Federal, state, local, tribal, and other FEMA partners attended the event, which was held May 23—25 at the National Emergency Training Center campus in Emmitsburg, Maryland.universalmusic .com. parlophone .co .uk. sonymusicpub .com. EMI Group Limited (originally an initialism for Electric and Musical Industries, also referred to as EMI Records Ltd. or simply EMI) was a British transnational conglomerate founded in March 1931 in London. An applying EMI must have a detailed procedure of how it will manage electronic money issuance activities. It means that an application must present an organizational structure showing the differentiation of functions and responsibilities. What is more, an EMI must present its ways of monitoring risk, administrative measures, and accounting system.Jul 27, 2023 · You can calculate EMI for home loan, car loan, personal loan, education loan or any other fully amortizing loan using this calculator. Enter the following information in the EMI Calculator: Principal loan amount you wish to avail (rupees) Loan term (months or years) Rate of interest (percentage) EMI in arrears OR EMI in advance (for car loan only) Manufacturers and sellers lure buyers with low EMI payments and buyers fall into the trap without understanding the interest rate for such loans. Given the loan amount (i.e., item price), EMI and tenure, this calculator helps you estimate the interest rate on such loans.At EMI, we believe in redefining the way you experience content. Our channel is dedicated to delivering top-notch videos with a unique and captivating presentation that keeps us ahead in the ...To calculate your EMI, just enter the loan amount, rate of interest and loan tenure, and your EMI is instantly displayed. You can enter loan amounts from 50,000 to 4,000,000 and term from 1 to 5 years. If you wish to change the EMI adjust any of the three sliders on the personal loan EMI calculator. If you wish to lower your EMI, you can do so ... 1794-Training Opportunity-K0428 EMI FY24 CERT TTT (6/16/2023) 1798-Training Opportunity-K0418 Mass Care Emergency Assistance Planning and Operations Course-Virtual (6/15/2023) 1792-Training Opportunity-MEPP Overview Application Process FY24 (6/1/2023) 1791-Training Opportunity-Basic Academy Lakewood CO (5/31/2023) Jan 13, 2021 · EMI provides resident course training to Federal, state, local, tribal, territorial (SLTT), volunteer, public, and private sector officials to strengthen emergency management core competencies for professional, career-long training. Resident training can be conducted at NETC or at offsite locations throughout the country, including FEMA’s ... Oct 5, 2022 · Independent Study Program Office. Independent Study Program Office hours are 8:00a.m.-4:30p.m. ET Monday – Friday, except federal holidays. Please contact the ISP Office if you have questions about any of the following: Re-issue IS Course Certificate. EMI is an electromagnetic disturbance, where energy is transmitted through radiation/conduction from one electronic device to another and corrupts the signal quality causing malfunctioning. EMI focuses on the testing requirements and interference between the neighboring equipment. It can occur in any frequency range, say anything more than DC.Loan Calculator. Disbursement Date *. Loan Amount *. Number of Month*. Interest Rate (%) Calculate. Reset. Disclaimer: "EMI Amount calculated here may vary marginally from the actual EMI from loan disbursement depending on different EMI dates". Oct 24, 2019 · EMI - Programs. Beginning January 1, 2019, the Emergency Management Institute (EMI) Superintendent will no longer sign Advanced Professional Series (APS) certificates. The APS program, which utilizes EMI developed courses, will continue to do so, and EMI will continue to maintain the courses; however, the responsibility for issuing the APS ... Emi Sakura, who uses an instrumental version as her own theme song and has Freddie Mercury-inspired elements for her gimmick, shared a video of herself crying as Saraya made her entrance at Wembley. Sakura wrote in the caption, “NEVER AGAIN.”. This caused Saraya to post a photo of herself giving the finger to Sakura. She wrote,to the EMI Health Family! COVID-19 UPDATE Changes to COVID-19 Testing Coverage as National Emergency Ends. Learn More. Dental Exchange Payment. Products ...Aug 11, 2010 · Non-Resident Courses (EMI Courses Conducted by States) Independent Study (IS) Program; Higher Education; National Standard Exercise Curriculum (NSEC) Planning Practitioner Program (PPP) Master Exercise Practitioner Program (MEPP) Emergency Management Professional Program (EMPP) Advanced Professional Series (APS) All Hazards Position Specific (AHPS) Mathematically, EMI is calculated as under: P x R x (1+R)^N / [ (1+R)^N-1] P = Principal amount of the loan. R = Rate of interest. N = Number of monthly instalments. The aforesaid variables along with the processing fee are needed to determine your EMI. For example, if you borrow Rs 51,00,000 for a home loan from Axis Bank at a rate of interest ... Forms, FAQs, and articles to give you what you need to sell EMI Health plans. Find a Provider. Search for in-network medical, dental, and vision providers. Feb 11, 2023 · Manufacturers and sellers lure buyers with low EMI payments and buyers fall into the trap without understanding the interest rate for such loans. Given the loan amount (i.e., item price), EMI and tenure, this calculator helps you estimate the interest rate on such loans. The Emergency Management Institute (EMI) offers self-paced courses designed for people who have emergency management responsibilities and the general public. All are offered free-of-charge to those who qualify for enrollment. Follow this link for more information on SID recovery, Student Portal, and course navigation .EMI - Programs. Beginning January 1, 2019, the Emergency Management Institute (EMI) Superintendent will no longer sign Advanced Professional Series (APS) certificates. The APS program, which utilizes EMI developed courses, will continue to do so, and EMI will continue to maintain the courses; however, the responsibility for issuing the APS ...EMI Records is one of the most culturally significant labels in popular music. With an illustrious history and a diverse and ground-breaking roster of acts, the label has been at the forefront of every seminal musical movement. EMI is the UK home of the world’s biggest and most innovative artists including Elton John, Paul McCartney, Florence + The Machine, Queen, Metallica, Bastille and ... Apr 11, 2022 · Phone: (301) 447 - 1035. Fax: (301) 447 - 1658. Email: [email protected]. NETC staff will review the applications and notify applicants regarding their status as noted above. EMI will post any remaining vacancies on the EMI Web site and interested personnel may continue to apply. EMI will fill vacancies on a first-come, first-served ... “The Response Officer Specialty Competency Contingency Preparedness Specialist (OAR-18) requires the completion of EMI training courses to obtain the Apprentice, Journeyman and Master level certification.” “– Apprentice level requires Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) (K/L0146), IS-230, IS-235, and IS-453” EMI: Experiments in Musical Intelligence (software) EMI: Electrical and Musical Industries (EMI record company) EMI: Enhanced Multilayer Software Image (Cisco) EMI: Experimental Musical Instruments (magazine) EMI: Emergency Management Issues: EMI: École de Musique Intercommunale (French music school) EMI: Emirates Media Inc. (Abu Dhabi, UAE) EMIYou must first file an application to become an EMI with the BSP. It is only after BSP approval can you start operating as an EMI. The BSP is the government agency regulating EMIs in the Philippines. Minimum Conditions to be Complied by EMIs. Enumerated below are the minimum conditions which an EMI must follow, as enunciated in Section 702 of ...EMI provides training to Federal, state, local, tribal, volunteer, public, and private sector officials to strengthen emergency management core competencies for professional, career-long training. EMI trains more than two million students annually. Instruction incorporates the principles of emergency management through instructional systems ...
Jan 13, 2022 · An Overview of EMI and RFI. EMI and RFI are two terms referring to the same set of phenomena, although RFI can be thought of as a simple subset of the broader field of EMI. The two terms are often used interchangeably, and for good reason. Radio frequency interference (RFI) is normally used to refer to electromagnetic fields at radio ... . Mandp ar 15 pistol accessories
Jun 30, 2022 · The Emergency Management Institute (EMI) offers self-paced courses designed for people who have emergency management responsibilities and the general public. All are offered free-of-charge to those who qualify for enrollment. Follow this link for more information on SID recovery, Student Portal, and course navigation . Apr 24, 2021 · Equated Monthly Installment - EMI: An equated monthly installment (EMI) is a fixed payment amount made by a borrower to a lender at a specified date each calendar month. Equated monthly ... Jun 21, 2022 · EMI= [2,00,000 x 1.66/100 x (1+1.66/100) ^ 24 / [ (1+1.66/100) ^ 24 – 1) EMI= Rs. 10, 179. The EMI calculator formula is universal and can be applied to different loans. The variation in EMI value occurs according to the three key variables, i.e. the loan amount, the loan tenure and the interest rate. This is a major concern, because it makes it difficult to tell whether EMI actually achieves its goal of improving students' English. One study found only a modest increase in EMI students' proficiency. The average IELTS scores of the students taking part rose by about 0.5 from the time of entry to almost four years later.Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is unwanted noise or interference in an electrical path or circuit caused by an outside source. It is also known as radio frequency interference. EMI can cause electronics to operate poorly, malfunction or stop working completely. EMI can be caused by natural or human-made sources.EMI Records is one of the most culturally significant labels in popular music. With an illustrious history and a diverse and ground-breaking roster of acts, the label has been at the forefront of every seminal musical movement. EMI is the UK home of the world’s biggest and most innovative artists including Elton John, Paul McCartney, Florence + The Machine, Queen, Metallica, Bastille and ... EMI is the interference caused by an electromagnetic disturbance that affects the performance of a device. Sources of EMI can be environmental, such as electrical storms and solar radiation but more usually will be another electronic device or electrical system. If the interference is in the radio frequency spectrum it is also known as radio ...Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is unwanted noise or interference in an electrical path or circuit caused by an outside source. It is also known as radio frequency interference. EMI can cause electronics to operate poorly, malfunction or stop working completely. EMI can be caused by natural or human-made sources. Background: The VTTX is a series of Virtual Tabletop Exercises that are offered monthly by the Emergency Management Institute (EMI). The VTTX program was launched in September of 2012 as an initiative to leverage technology and reach a large training audience. Program Overview: The Emergency Management Institute (EMI) conducts a monthly series ...welcome to my channel!hope my videos can help you live a healthier, happier life, and reach any goals you put your mind into read more about me: https://www.... The Emergency Management Institute (EMI) offers self-paced courses designed for people who have emergency management responsibilities and the general public. All are offered free-of-charge to those who qualify for enrollment. Follow this link for more information on SID recovery, Student Portal, and course navigation ..